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斜率(Slope)Permalink

In mathematics, the slope or gradient of a line is a number that describes both the direction and the steepness of the line. Slope is often denoted by the letter m. The direction of a line is either increasing, decreasing, horizontal or vertical.

其实斜率 m=tanαα 是直线与 x 轴正方向的夹角。


直线方程(linear equation)Permalink

点斜式Permalink

已知点 (x0,y0),斜率为 m,直线方程为 yy0=m(xx0)

两点式Permalink

已知相异两点 (x1,y1)(x2,y2):

  • x1=x2,则直线为 x=x1
  • x1x2,则斜率 m=y2y1x2x1,直线为 yy1=m(xx1)

斜截式Permalink

已知斜率 my 截距(y-intercept)为 c(即告诉你直线过 (0,c) 这一点) ,则直线方程问为 y=mx+c

截距式Permalink

已知 x 截距(x-intercept)为 a(即告诉你直线过 (a,0) 这一点),y 截距为 b,且 ab0,则直线方程为 xa+yb=1


点到直线的距离(Distance)Permalink

若直线定义为 ax+by+c=0,点的座标为 (x0,y0),则它们之间的距离 d 为:

d=|ax0+by0+c|a2+b2

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