写这篇主要是因为我看到有些 measure 的定义用到了 $\delta$-ring.

Ring of SetsPermalink

Ring 的定义可以参考 Elementary Algebraic Structures

非常遗憾的是，ring of sets 其实并不严格满足 ring 的定义 ()。按 Ring of Sets vs Ring in Universal Algebra 的讨论：

A “ring of sets” should really be called a “distributive lattice of sets.”

Definition: In measure theory, a nonempty family of sets $\mathcal{R}$ is called a ring (of sets) if it is closed under $\cup$ and $-$. That is, $\mathrm{\forall }$ set $A,B\in R$,

1. $A\cup B\in \mathcal{R}$
2. $A-B\in \mathcal{R}$

Ring of sets / $\sigma$-ring / $\delta$-ringPermalink

但是蛋疼的是，后续的 $\sigma$-ring 和 $\delta$-ring 都是在这个不严格的定义上引申出来的：

Definition: A $\sigma$-ring is a ring of sets which is closed under countable unions, i.e.

Definition: A $\delta$-ring is a ring of sets which is closed under countable intersections, i.e.